The Rising Epidemic Of Elder Abuse - 1457 Words

I am intending on researching the rising epidemic of elder abuse and why and how it happens. I hypothesize that the subject generally is unheard of and goes unnoticed for many people. Since working and caring for the elderly is a part of the medical field, my primary audience would be health care professionals who work in elder facilities as well as family members who have taken on the role as care giver. These individuals should be interested in the topic because chances are they are passionate about their work or family member and would like to acquire knowledge on how to prevent or help life proceed to those that have been affected by the situation. The people who have the greatest opportunity and accessibility to help the victims of†¦show more content†¦What has led me to research this topic is my personal interest in the elderly. My major is Communication Science Disorders and although I will not be a daily life care provider I will still be working closely with them. T hrough my job I will be working with patients who have had strokes or other impairing conditions that have hindered them from speaking or communicating. Since I will be working closely with them I think it is important for me to be able to notice warning signs of abuse and to know what to do after I have noticed them, I will learn these things through my research. Not only am I interested in the topic from a professional and career driven aspect but I am also intrigued from a family aspect as well. My great-grandmother has recently been financially abused by a scam artist and even the closest of her family members weren’t sure how to approach the situation and help her through it. I am hopeful that I will be able to help her prevent this from ever happening again and help her to better live out her future after the abuse. So not only am I suitable to research this from a professional stand point but from a personal one as well. Brief Review of Literature The first source I have obtained is a scholarly one that has been published in the British Medical Journal in August 1996. Mark Bradley, a geriatric/general doctor, has written and article calledShow MoreRelatedSubstance Abuse Among The Elderly1668 Words   |  7 Pageswe’ve seen greater longevity among America’s elder population. The number of Americans age 65 or older are living longer, in more comfort and in better health than ever before. However, not all American elders are living in good health. As our aging baby boomers live longer, a substantial and growing percentage of older adults misuse alcohol, prescription drugs, or other substances (Bartel, Blow, Brockmann, 2005). In turn, substance abuse among the elder is generating major health concerns and a rapidRead MorePaper On Opioid Abuse759 Words   |  4 PagesAvenue, Bridgeport, CT 06604 from 9:30 a.m. to 10:15 a.m. on October 2, 2017. 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Because of these trouble these countries also cladding a grave burden of obesity-related upset such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases, which will increase at a youngerRead MoreThe Trends Of Violence Throughout The United States2050 Words   |  9 Pagesto the crack cocaine epidemic, poverty, single-parent households, educational failures, and economic downturn although the rates fin ally began to decline by 1993. After a sharp increase in the late 1980s, the homicide rate steadily declined beginning in 1992 and resembled the rates of the 1960s. According to the Uniform Crime Report in 1993, 47 percent of victims were killed by family members or peers and 39 percent involved â€Å"unknown† relationships. In the early nineties, rising rates were due to juvenileRead MoreOpioid Ecstasy : Opioid And Heroin Addiction2264 Words   |  10 PagesRunning Head: Opioid and Heroin Abuse Opioid and Heroin Abuse Olivia Rice Wheeling Jesuit University Essay 3 Final Draft December 1, 2016 Acknowledgments: I would like to thank my friends, Sarah Erwin and Anntasia for helping me review and edit my essay. Olivia Rice November 8, 2016 Opioid and Heroin Addiction Lit Review Dr. Hays Comp 105 Opioid and Heroin Addiction in America   Ã‚  Ã‚   There has been an increase in heroin and opioid abuse in america. It has been affecting everyone and theRead MoreNative American Historical Traum The Rise Of Depression2347 Words   |  10 Pagesoften isolated from each other while the United States continued to urbanize most of the continent. With such a negative history, many Native Americans suffer from historical trauma that leads to many health disparities including diabetes, substance abuse, and various mental disorders. Because of these conditions that exist within adult Native Americans, many of the youth grow up with a loss of cultural identity as well as the high risk of developing these negative health conditions. All of these aspectsRead MoreThe United States : A Single Payer System Essay2041 Words   |  9 Pagesone of the most important documents in public health, General Report on the Sanitary Condition of the Labouring Population of Great Britain. John Snow then did research and founded that the contami nated water in London was the cause of the cholera epidemic in London. And then, based of off Chadwick’s and Snow’s findings, Lemual Shattuck generated a public health law that is now the foundation of the public health movement. In the 1950s, there was government grants that helped support medical schoolsRead MoreThe War Of Every Man1798 Words   |  8 Pagesworks together and depend entirely on each other. On the other hand, huge change appeared in our way of living. The age we are entering, in which we exist apart, is unlike any that has passed before. Loneliness has become an epidemic among young adults and spared out in elders’ everyday life where social isolation has become a cause of early death because we cannot cope alone. Our times have faced many structural transformations, mainly we developed a life denying ideology which enforces and celebratesRead MoreSleep Disorders: Rapid Eye Movement Essay1721 Words   |  7 PagesSleep disorders appear to be a global epidemic, affecting up to 45% of the worlds population (Noor, et al n.p.). That’s leaving a 55% chunk of the world’s population not affected. 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In todays society we want a quick fix to remedy Essay Example For Students

In todays society we want a quick fix to remedy Essay In todays society we want a quick fix to remedy our problems. Therefore doctors are prescribing the drug, Ritalin, excessively. AlthoughRitalin is a widely used drug to control AD (H) D, there are other saferalternatives to combat this worldwide disorder. Ritalin, like many otherdrugs, has several side effects, some of which are severe. Ritalin is in aclass of drugs called Methylphetamines. These types of drugs affecteverything from thought process to everyday breathing. Ritalins major sideeffects influence the cardiovascular system, the central nervous system,gastrointestinal, endocrine/metabolic system. Also, Ritalin is a fairly newdrug. It hasnt been around long enough to study the long-term effects. Since Ritalin is a Methylphetamine (closely related to the amphetaminefamily, such as cocaine), it has a high rate of abuse. In light ofmethylphenidates abuse liability, it is important to note the tremendousincrease in availability of this substance and the expanded population(adolescents and adults) receiving prescriptions for the treatment of AD(H) D. A danger is that since Ritalin is related to amphetamines, it hasalmost the same physiological effects. A users body will build a toleranceto the stimulant, therefore requiring more drugs to sustain the same levelof abuse. This is very dangerous since the side effects on a normal doseare already dangerous; critics say in some children its use can leave themrobotic, lethargic, depressed, or withdrawn. Although there are manyharmful side effects and social problems related to Ritalin, many advocatesclaim that Ritalin is a vital part of controlling AD (H) D. And in mostcases Ritalin has shown proven results. It does exactly what it wasd esigned to do. However, parents and children should aim for otheralternatives before resulting to the use of Ritalin. Most doctors cantaccurately diagnose AD (H) D in a 20-30 minute visit. Studies show that onein twenty children may be affected by this disorder. There are manyadditional factors that need to be considered but are often overlooked. There are ways a patient diagnosed with AD (H) D can overcome thisdisorder. Rather than taking Ritalin, a change in diet can have a bigimpact on ones attention. Stress levels, like diet, can cause loss ofattention, making it hard to concentrate. A change in study habits can alsobe very beneficial to someone having a difficult time concentrating. So byeating healthy, eliminating certain stressors, and finding a study habitthat works for a person, he can overcome the disorder. Ritalin only treatsthe symptoms of AD (H) D, not the disorder itself. And the symptoms willalways be there, unless something is done about it. This article discusses the extreme rise in the use of Ritalin amongchildren. This article has me worried, due to the serious side effects dueto its use. It is not licensed to children under six but it has beenprescribed to children just months old. The number of prescriptions roseby 22% last year, most likely caused by its use as a first choicetreatment. http:/newsvote.bbc.co.uk/mpapps/pagetools/print/news.bbc.uk/1/hi/health/3072445.stmAdditional Information: WebMD

Reading ability of Damascus class Essay Example

Reading ability of Damascus class Essay Introduction: a. Background of the Study Reading is the most important skill a person should develop. The ultimate goal of reading is to help a person be able to understand the written material, to evaluate it and to apply it in a certain subject. In order to accomplish these things and be good in reading comprehension, one should read books more often. A person who reads book may have a wide range of imagination compared to some who dont. According to an essay writer named Arlene Babes-Evoke Filipinos are not book lovers. As what she had written, Filipinos hate solitude and are also impatient. We will write a custom essay sample on Reading ability of Damascus class specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Reading ability of Damascus class specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Reading ability of Damascus class specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer However, there are some opinions that not all Filipinos are these kinds of readers. Nowadays, many of the Filipinos who loved to read books are experiencing difficulties in how to make reading, a habit. So in this study, the researchers will be discussing about how a certain section loved or hate books. The focus of this research study is the Grade VI pupils of Isabella District II. Many would think that all students in this section are interested in reading books, not knowing that almost half of this class are not book lovers; yes, they do read books but only for the sake of grades (e. I. English subject). This research study will help readers understand and work out the problems why there are still students who have difficulties in reading books. This can help some of the students of the Damascus class to learn and find books as the love of their hearts. B. Objectives of the Study The purpose of this study is to find out the reasons why some of the IV Year Damascus class have no reading interest while several of them are critical readers of all kind of books. Specifically, it hopes to answer the if. : 1 . What are the reasons why there are still several Damascus class does not find books interesting? 2. What is the percentage of the Damascus class who loves to read books? Who does not have any interest in reading books? 3. On what level of reading, the students of fourth year Damascus is? 4. What help are being taken to eliminate the reading illness? 5. What help are being taken to improve the level of reading of the book lovers in the Damascus class? C. Scope and Limitation This study is concerned with the reading problems of the Damascus class only. This study covers all, which is all about reading as a skill, reading problems. The researcher only interviews, ask questions to this student of Damascus class. * Definition of Terms Solitude state AT Dealing alone: ten state AT Dealing alone, separated Trot toner people, winter considered as a welcome freedom from disturbance or as an unhappy loneliness * Slothful- lazy Levels of reading * Pre-reader -Pre-reader books are for young children and adults that have not yet learned to read the language the book is written in, or have Just started to learn to pronounce and read simple words. A pre-readers vocabulary is typically small. A pre- reader is likely to have difficulty reading and understanding long words and sentences. These books should use of a lot of pictures and are likely to be read out loud with a parent or educator present. * Beginner -Books at the beginner skill level are intended for young children that can read on their own. Beginners can understand longer sentences and have a higher vocabulary than pre-readers. However, beginners are likely to have some difficulties still with pronunciation and comprehension when new vocabulary is encountered or introduced. These books are likely about basic subjects and use a minimum amount of difficult vocabulary. Difficult words that are used should be properly introduced. These books are likely to still rely heavily on pictures * Intermediate -Books at the intermediate skill level are intended for readers at an average adult reading level. Sentence structures are likely to be more diverse and more difficult vocabulary is often used without an explanation. An intermediate reader is more likely to understand new words and vocabulary Just from the context and usage. These books are likely to provide more in depth information about a subject than a beginner level book would, which may require using and explaining some specialized Jargon. These books should be accessible to readers without any reticular expertise in the subject area and should avoid using Jargon without explanations. * Advanced -Books at the advanced skill level depend on more background knowledge and understanding of more specialized vocabulary than is common for intermediate readers. Some subject-specific Jargon is likely to be used without explanation, but a heavy reliance on subject-specific Jargon should be avoided to increase readability and comprehension. Professional -Books at the professional skill level tend to be highly subject-specific and require extensive background knowledge among readers. Jargon tends to be seed extensively, and readability is often sacrificed for precision. These books may be dry and academic and not welcoming to most readers. E. Importance of the Study This research study gives importance on how the ISABELLA II PUPILS learn and handle their reading capabilities for them to use for daily lives and for facing the futu re that is ahead of them. Reading ability is needed to comprehend materials important to daily living. Reading will also affect the academic performance of the students and thus, this is the importance of the study. T Insoles statement Reading might be a burden for students, but reading also is the most important part in the lives of students especially for the graduating students. II. Review of Related Literature Reading is an important skill for the lives of the students. Reading skill helps students to understand more about their lessons and help them in their vocabularies, expanding their reading comprehension and to have an advantage in speaking English language fluently. It also helps widen the imagination of the readers and ideas Development of Reading Skills Some educators see reading comprehension as a series of sub skills, such as understanding word meaning word meaning in context, finding the main dead, making inferences about information implied but not stated, and distinguishing between fact and opinion. In high school and college, reading materials become more abstract and contain a larger, more technical vocabulary. At this stage, the student not only must acquire new information but also must critically analyze the text and achieve an optimal reading rate based on the difficulty of the material and the purpose of the reading. (Incarnate Premium, 2009) Improving Reading Skills How do you help yourself improve reading competence? Word study is one way for the older student to improve reading ability. This involves using a dictionary and thesaurus, studying word parts, and learning how to find the meaning of a word from the context. Students can also improve their vocabularies by paying conscious attention to any new words they may encounter. Because a mature reader must have several different reading rates available for different materials and purposes, practice in skimming a passage for general meaning and scanning for specific information is useful. The development of efficient study strategies is important in learning various kinds of subject matter. One useful duty technique is outlining, which helps to develop an awareness of the main points and details of a selection. (Incarnate Premium,2009). Improving adolescents literacy skills is more difficult, and its more difficult for a number of reasons. One major reason is this whole thing of attitude. We find that a lot of adolescents understandably, if theyve been struggling with literacy have really developed negative attitudes about reading, writing, the whole subject of dealing with improving their academic skills. (Kevin Feldman, De. D. ) To improve reading skills, a reader should know the tactics on how to be a good reader. To improve reading ability, a person should have a work study, it involves thesaurus and dictionary which can help the readers understand more about the content of the book. Skimming the passage for general theme and scanning for a specific information is useful. L nà ©e Must really unreason Tanat Improving tenet rearing Ana writing skills Is not something that adults do to them. Its really something that is done with them. That meaner forging a partnership so that the kids and young people understand the specifics of whats going on what we can do, how long it will take so that they have ambitious but realistic goals. . (Kevin Feldman, De. D. ) Read ing improvement is not only centered on the students, themselves. It is also depend on to the teacher or the leader of the school, if they have the passion for having students the opportunity to be book lovers. Reading ability is very difficult to assess accurately. In the communicative competence model, a students reading level is the level at which that student is able to use reading to accomplish communication goals. This meaner that assessment of reading ability needs to be correlated with purposes for reading. (http://www. CLC. Org/essentials/reading/serenaded. HTML, 2003,2004) Causes of Reading Problems according to Kevin Feldman, De. D. 1 . Falling Behind Many students lack the reading skills required for their grade level. If students fall behind at early ages, by the time they reach high school, it is very difficult for them to catch up. According to the NAPE, 26 percent of 12th-graders cannot read at the basic level. These students may never learn to read. Whos to Blame? Parents are not helping their young children learn to read, either because of laziness or because they work long hours. Technology can also take some of the blame. According to a study published in Reuters, children who have a major video game system in their home spend 30 percent less time reading and working on homework than a child without a system. That meaner they are not getting the skills necessary to keep up with their classmates. The Art of Testing Since instant messaging and cell phone testing has taken over many kids lives, they have become lazy readers. Given the 160 character confines of a standard text message, children are learning to shorten their messages and do away with standard incaution, said Michael Swan on Lovelorn. Com. In the Classroom What this meaner for our high cholers in the classroom is that they no longer have the attention span, nor the patience to do any serious reading. This leads to very lethargic students when it comes time to read in class. Ill- Moments Ana Procedure Questions Yes No Pre-Reader Beginner Advance Professional 1 . Are you interested in reading books 16 Percentage 58% 42% 2. Why? 45% 13% Why not? 15 argental 3 Have you read an 100% 4. What was the reason of reading that book? 8 79% 5. An tents level AT read Ins, winner AAA you thank you Delano? 7 5% The researchers of this study had gathered some data from the Damascus class through interviewing them. Below is the summary of the survey the researchers did. Choices: 2. Why? A. Hobby/entertaining B. Gain more knowledge 4. A. School purposes B. Own interest Why not? A. Boring B. Too lazy The researchers had surveyed the students of Damascus class to know how efficient they are in reading. As a result of the survey, it has been proved that out of 38 correspondents only 22 of them have interests in books having the total percentage AT Wendell 16 AT teem NAS no Interest In reading Dodos navels a total argental of 42%. 45% of these students read books because it has been their habit and they found it very entertaining while 13% read books in order to gain more knowledge and get new ideas. However, those who answered NO were not interested in books having a total percentage of 42%. 0% of this percentage said that they found reading books, boring, while the remaining 2% found it slothful to do. In the question number three, the survey says that all the correspondents from the Damascus class have already read books. 21% of the students read books for school purpose while 79% reasoned that it is their own interest. The level of reading shows how the students rate th emselves according to their levels. It has also been observed that 5% of the students are still in the beginners level; 79% in the intermediate; and 16% claim that they were in the advance level of reading. IV- Results Reading books can help us improve reading skills. This part of the research can give us the overview of the result of the students of IV- Damascus in reading. The researchers have collected data and came up with a result. There are students in the Damascus class who are not interested in reading books because it is boring and lazy thing to do. Based on the survey, 58% of the students are interested in reading books while 42% are not. In the level of reading, 5% are the beginners level while most 79% are the intermediate and 16% are in the Advance level which headed to the professor. However, assistance can be offered to students who are having reading difficulties. As the researchers Procedure, they have found several results for the problem especially in improving the skills of the students. The investigation of this problem had pointed out solutions for those troubled students. Word study is one way of improving reading skills. For those who are booksellers in this section, they can improve their reading ability by continuing their holiday and taking up new challenges and having guidance from an expert. Therefore, It had been cleared that we have solutions to every problem when we think of positive results. V- summary, conclusions, Recommendation Summary: This study was about improving the reading skills of the Fourth Year Damascus class. Based on the data gathered by the researchers, they have found out that almost half of this class have no reading interest but its a good thing that the half of this class loved to read books. Those who show no interest in books have reading problems. The main reason of these students is that for them reading is boring. Environment has something to do with this kind of problem especially cell phones, the text messages that is sent by most of the teenagers were shorten which makes them to be a lazy readers, another is the internet, its true that internet makes the life of the students easy but students are abusing this technology so, whenever they have a project that have something to do with the computer, they Just copy paste them. These students that have no reading interests may think hat there is no chance for them to learn improve this reading skill. But the researchers found out some ways of improving their skills. First, they have to begin with the word study, whenever they read something they should keep on their side a dictionary or a thesaurus that would help them define the meaning of words that are difficult. Another is practice in skimming a passage for general meaning and scanning for specific information is useful, outlining, also helps to develop an awareness of the main points and details of a selection. Readers should have desire and interest in this skill because without those factors, the readers will to be able to improve their reading skills. Conclusion Therefore the researcher concluded that different students have different skills in reading. Others are diligent enough while others are lazy that they dont want reading to be their source of ideas, but in this study it can be improve through proper discipline. Recommendation If theres a will, theres a way. One can surpass the problem in reading if the person is willing to learn. The researchers point is to encourage each reader to have a positive thought about reading and to help each other one be good in this skill.

underage drinking Essays

underage drinking Essays underage drinking Essay underage drinking Essay E. Donahue Matt W. English 101 9/24/2013 Am I an Adult Yet? Some would argue that the drinking age shouldnt be lowered because of three very real risks, drunk driving, alcohol poisoning, and violent or destructive behavior. Drunk driving is a stain on our civilization. An average of 17,000 individuals die each year in drunk driving related deaths. It seems quite plausible that were alcohol to be legalized for those under the age of 18, the 15. 1% of 18 to 20 year olds who drink before getting behind the wheel would rise significantly. A brief stroll through nearly very campus in America reveals keg parties, crowded bars filled with fake ID minors, and rowdy sorority and fraternity functions. When you consider that adolescence is a time of great impulsivity and tendency for violence and destructive behavior, the dangers of legalizing alcohol for minors become that much more real. The main problem with the United States having a drinking age of 21 is that the age of majority is 18 (19 in Alabama and Nebraska), as it is throughout most of the world. That is the age when a person assumes the legal rights and responsibilities of an adult. Consequently, anyone in the United States who has reached the age of 18 is legally eligible to vote, run for office, enter contracts, marry, engage in consensual sex with other adults, adopt children, Join the military, be subject to the draft, purchase tobacco, and purchase pornography; that is, everything under the sun except buy a beer. Just over half the 15-year-old boys reported drinking alcohol in the previous week, with an average intake of 14.5 units. This compared with 46% of 15- year-old girls drinking an average of 11.2 units. In their first year of secondary school, 5% of boys and girls said they had drunk alcohol in the previous week. This rose to 18% of boys and 19% of girls by the age of 13. Among the drinkers aged 11-13, the average consumption was 8.3 units by the boys and 4.6 by the girls. The findings came from a survey of more than 7,000 pupils at 225 schools in England, carried out by the National Centre for Social Research and National Foundation for Educational Research in autumn last year. A full report will be published later this year. Previous surveys showed the proportion of 11 to 15-year- olds drinking alcohol in the previous week rose from 20% in 1998 to 27% in 1996 before falling to 21% in 1998 and 1999. Last year the proportion rose again to 24%. A spokesman for the charity Alcohol Concern said: It reinforces our belief that there needs to be much more emphasis on education and prevention in terms of making people more aware of the dangers of alcohol misuse. Young bodies are just not made for drinking alcohol. The survey showed the proportion of 11 to 15-year-olds using drugs in the last month rose from 7% in 1998 to 9% in 2000. The proportion using drugs at least once during the previous year rose from 11% to 14% over the same period. At the age of 11, 3% had tried drugs over the last year mostly cannabis. Older children were more likely to have experimented, with 28% of 15-year-olds saying they had taken cannabis in the previous 12 months, 9% stimulants such as cocaine, ecstasy or amphetamines, and 1% heroin. Among 11 to 15-year-olds, 10% said they were regular smokers (at least one cigarette a week). Last year anti-smoking campaigners welcomed figures showing the proportion of young smokers fell from 13% in 1996 to 9% in 1999. The most prolific smokers were 15-year-old girls, with 26% owning up to being regular smokers compared with 25% in 1999. Sir Paul Nurse, director general of Imperial Cancer Research Fund, said the figures showed why the government was wrong to postpone legislation to ban tobacco advertising. Young peoples smoking rates have been falling since 1996 and it would be tragic if we were seeing the beginning of a reversal in this trend The government is sitting on a bill that would save thousands of lives each year and would protect precisely this group of vulnerable people. A spokeswoman for the Department of Health said: We remain on course to meet our tar get of reducing smoking among the 11-15 age group to 11% by 2005 and 9% or less by 2010. We are concerned by the small increase in the percentage of young people who have used drugs in the last month and in the last year. However we are encouraged that the percentage of pupils reporting use of heroin and cocaine -the drugs which cause the greatest harm has remained low. On the rise in teenage drinking, she said: We look forward to the publication of the main report which will provide more detailed information on the young peoples drinking behaviour, and we will continue to monitor trends. A separate report on teenage drinking published by the Scottish executive found a rise in drinking among 12 to15-year-olds in the period 1998-2000. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Thirty-nine young people died in 1999 after sniffing butane lighter refills, according to a report on UK deaths from volatile substance abuse by St Georges hospital medical school in London. Deaths due to gases, aerosols, glues and similar substances declined steadily over the past 10 years, but still account for one in 60 deaths among teenagers between 15 and 19. Is Your Teenager Using? The changes that youve noticed in your teenager may just be signs of growing up, but some can be dead giveaways for alcohol and drug use. Continued alcohol and drug use will affect your childs behaviour, attitudes and even choice of friends. If your child is using alcohol and drugs, its a good bet he (or she) is doing everything possible to keep that activity hidden. The last thing he wants is for his parents to give him a hassle about his newly found entertainment. But continued alcohol and drug use will affect your childs behaviour, attitudes and even choice of friends. Here are some signs to look for, if you think that your child may be using: Mood Swings Most teenagers go through normal mood swings. But look for extreme changes one minute happy and giddy followed by withdrawal, depression, or fits of anger or rage. New Friends? If you child is using, chances are he will begin hanging out with others with similar interests. Has your child suddenly turned away from his old friends? Is he hanging out with an older (driving age) group or with those that you suspect are using drugs? Bad Performance in School Has your childs attitude toward school suddenly changed? Have his grades gone from pretty good to very bad? Has he been skipping classes or school altogether? Physical Health Have you noticed a change in appetite? Does your child suddenly have digestive problems. Has he been treated for medical conditions that might be attributed to substance abuse, like gastritis or ulcers? Have his sleeping patterns changed? Evidence Have you notice any alcoholic beverages missing? How about the medicine cabinet? Anything missing there? Have you found unexplained empty containers around the house or grounds? Any paraphernalia? Has he suddenly started smoking cigarettes openly? Attitude Has your child developed a negative attitude against anti-drug or anti-alcohol programs, materials or literature? Has he been in trouble with the law for any reason? Has he developed a bad attitude toward any authority figures in his life? Have you found that your child has generally become dishonest about things? Little Things Have you noticed a change in hairstyle or fashion choices? Is he suddenly using breath mints consistently? Has he lost interest in tidiness in his room or does he pay less attention to personal hygiene? Overt Signals Has anyone ever told you your child is drinking or using drugs? Do you know that he has experimented. Has he suddenly developed the need for additional money, for vague or unexplained reasons? Have you ever seen him stagger? Or have you noticed any slurred speech? Changes in the pupils of his eyes, or redness or bloodshot eyes? Conclusion: A Better Way Instead of stigmatizing alcohol and trying to scare people into abstinence, we need to recognize that it is not alcohol itself but rather the abuse of alcohol that is the problem. Teaching about responsible use does not require student consumption of alcohol any more than teaching them world geography requires them to visit Nepal, or teaching them civics requires that they run for office or vote in presidential elections. We teach students civics to prepare them for the day when they can vote and assume other civic responsibilities if they choose to do so. Because either drinking in moderation or abstaining should both be equally acceptable options for adults, we must prepare students for either choice. To do otherwise is both irresponsible and ineffective, if not counterproductive. A recent study of the effectiveness of alcohol education programs compared those that present an abstinence-only message with those that present drinking in moderation as an option. It is clear that programs accepting responsible use are demonstrably more successful than are no-use-only programs.29 In spite of noble intentions and the expenditure of massive amounts of time, energy, and money the best evidence shows that our current abstinence-oriented alcohol education is ineffective. Simply doing more of what is not working will not lead to success; it is essential that we re-think our approach to the problem. Our youth are too important and the stakes are too high to so otherwise.

An Overview of Capitalism Using the Method of Marxism

An Overview of Capitalism Using the Method of Marxism Marxian theories against capitalism Historical materialism Marx’s theory of historical materialism, inspired by Hegel’s phenomenology, stated that both human societies and cultural institutions resulted from economic activity. Unlike Hegel who stated that abstract ideas were the cause of change, however, Marx proposed that material, economic forces, and their relationship with the natural, biological and physical world, were the determining proponents of dialectical change. History rests in the internal contradictions in the system of material production (producing what people need for survival), and other factors that have influenced society, such as geographical movement and growth of population, were not as determinant as the mode of production. Any changes in the material and economic conditions of a society also imply changes in its social relations. Social change, then, resulted from internal conflicts in a society’s economy. The social reality determines human consciousness. The mode of production is composed of two aspects: the productive forces and men’s relations of production. The productive forces include the instruments of production wherewith material values needed for survival, such as food, clothing, shelter, fuel, etc., are produced and the people who use these instruments in the production of material values through their production experience and labor skill. Men’s relations of productions, on the other hand, refer to the relations the people make with each other during production. These may come in the form of cooperation and mutual help, and in domination and subordination. Marx regarded revolutions not as political accidents, but manifestations of the historical progress of societies. Revolutions occur when modes of production â€Å"mature†, or contradict themselves to the point that they eventually collapse. Marx recounts human history in terms of four modes of production. The first mode of production, named asiatic, was considered as primitive communism, It was characterized by a communal ownership of land and essential economic resources. This mode of production was phased out when physically stronger people instituted the concept of private property. The ancient mode of production gave authority to people with physical, political and material strength – the masters while the non-owning class were slaves. Slaves were treated as commodities and made to engage in torturous menial and physical labor. This started a revolution of the slaves against their masters. The feudal mode of production was characterized, again, by two classes: feudal lords and serfs. Lords owned the land, and their job was to lease land and employ agricultural labor in their lands. The serfs worked in the lands and paid taxes in exchange for the lords’ protection. Like in the ancient mode of production, the serfs revolted against the lords. Industrialism grew becaus e of the revolution. Finally, the capitalistic mode of production, and the one Marx was most bothered with, caused the migration from rural to urban areas. There were two working classes as well: the bourgeoisie, who owned most of society’s wealth and means of production, and the proletariats, who rendered service for survival. Marx wanted that the exploitation present since the ancient mode of production would dispel, and so proposed socialism and communism. Socialism is the beginning stage wherein society is classless, while communism is the final stage wherein equality has been thoroughly implemented and private property and ownership are absent. Alienation The Marxist definition of alienation means that man does not experience himself as the acting agent in his grasp of the world, but that the world remains alien to him. The process of alienation is expressed in work and the division of labor, especially due to the emergence of capitalism and private property. Eventually, labor rules over the man and becomes a power independent of its producer. Man’s identity and consciousness of himself and his world becomes marred. â€Å"The object produced by labor, its product, now stands opposed to it as an alien being, as a power independent of the producer. The product of labor is labor which has been embodied in an object and turned into a physical thing; this product is an objectification of labor† Marx seeks the liberation of man from labor that destroys his individuality through his criticism of capitalism. Capitalist production, according to him, transforms the relations of individuals into qualities of things, and exploits its producers like machines through aliented labor. He differentiates proper work and alienated labor as thus: â€Å"Man no longer reproduces himself merely intellectually, as in consciousness, but actively and in a real sense, and he sees his own reflection in a world which he has constructed. While, therefore, alienated labor takes away the object of production from man, it also takes away his species life, his real objectivity as a species-being, and changes his advantage over animals into a disadvantage in so far as his inorganic body, nature, is taken from him. Just as alienated labor transforms free and self-directed activity into a means, so it transforms the species life of man into a means of physical existence. Consciousness, which man has from his species, is transformed through alienation so that species life becomes only a means for him. Alienation also leads to the perversion of moral values, as man is too conscious of economy’s values gain, work, thrift and sobriety to develop virtues. Due to the rising importance of commodities and money, for every new product, the potential for deceit and robbery grows. The alienated man only knows one way of relating himself to the world: through having and consuming it. He becomes more needy for money and possessions, and watches for signs of weaknesses in which he can maximize his gain. Class Consciousness Class consciousness is recognizing that the different interests and conditions of living between the two classes (bourgeois and proletariat) define their relationship with each other. This occurs when there is awareness from the working class that the conditions of labor and living of their class was created by the upper class. Once this happens, the working class becomes the enemy of the upper class. There are six features of class consciousness, although it was not Marx, but Bertell Ollman, who came up with them. The first feature pertains to the subjective and objective identity and interests of membership in a class. â€Å"Subjective† refers to what people think about their class situation, while â€Å"objective† refers to how the classes actually worked as seen in historical development, The second feature is that people must be knowledgeable about how capitalism works, either to benefit or deter them. The third feature pertains to the â€Å"broad outlines of class struggle and where one fits into it†. The fourth feature pertains to the solidarity with other members of the same class, which are exemplified by worker unions and revolts. The fifth feature is a â€Å"rational hostility† towards the opposing class. The last feature pertains to having a â€Å"vision of a more democratic and egalitarian society that is not only possible but is a condition individuals can help bring about.†

The History of Socially Desirable Female Body Types Essay

The History of Socially Desirable Female Body Types - Essay Example Personally, my fixation is for those round ones. They not only resemble the full luminescent moon but overdrive the imagination with pictures of the full frame all its glory. Poets swooned. Cleopatra is reputed to have had the most attractive face - one that launched a thousand ships of war! The desire to be thin is widespread among women. Many starve themselves almost to death in the quest for the thin, graceful frame. However, I am of the view that majority of my fellow males will agree that there is something divine about the layers of flesh and soft skin and their contour that make the female extraordinarily fabulous. (Ximena A Ramirez). To me, the peach and cream skin or the golden color is the most arresting. Not to say that the colored or black fare any worse. Given the right proportion and features, they could be equally magnetizing. Thanks to the herbals, the cosmetics, the Fair and Lovely creams and lotions, they all look scintillating in the light. The female figure has been the object of famous artists, sculptors and architects. The female bust may consist of flesh, blood, muscles and glands. But the rounded shape, the graceful ebb and flow of her movements, create their own impact and envy. Since ancient times, the form of women have been embellished and preserved through art and dances. (Kapila Vatsyayan). Year after year, prized beauties vie for beauty crowns that are there for the best combination of beauty and brains. The present day wonder, Jennifer Lopez's anatomical assets are insured in cool millions! (Stephen Wilson). Conclusion Movie makers and advertisers rake in millions by depicting female silhouettes in countless poses, outfits, angles, coverings, hiding something here and there, and arousing emotions and imaginations. The males may be stronger and more muscular. But in aesthetics and grace, the female body wins the prize, hands down! Sources: Kapila Vatsyayan, A Holistic Eye On Cultural Interface and Synergy, Across the Himalayan Gap, http://ignca.nic.in/ks_41014.htm. Natural Complexion & Body Bars, Alpine Naturals, http://www.alpinenaturals.com/complexionbars.html. Stephen Wilson, Excerpts from Information Arts: Intersections of Art, Science, and Technology, San Francisco State University, http://userwww.sfsu.edu/swilson/papers/wilson.body.infoarts.html. Ximena A Ramirez, Thin is In, An Analysis of Media Endorsed Ideals of Physical Attractiveness and Their Affects on College-Aged Women, A Senior Honor's Thesis, Department of Communication, Boston College, May 2007, http://www.bc.edu/schools/cas/communication/meta-elements/pdf/thesis07.ramirez.pdf. Pictures: Complexion, Warm & Fuzzy, http://www.istockphoto.com/imageindex/432/0/432062. Figures, Rock Painting of Female Figures, http://www.srilanka.fr/imagebank/sigiriya/pages/Rock%20Painting%20of%20Female%20Figures.htm. The first crush, Demi Moore, IMDB, The Internet Movie Database, http://www.imdb.com/media/rm4085684224/nm0000193.

Describe slavery in the US especial black women in bondage .use Essay

Describe slavery in the US especial black women in bondage .use annotated bliliography that include primary and secondary source - Essay Example Through the mid-19th century, westward expansion of America, beside with a rising abolition movement in North-America would arouse a long discussion over slavery that could have divided the nation during the American Civil War (1861-65). After the end of this bloody war, though the Union’s victory freed four million slaves of the nation, but the inheritance of slavery sustained to influence the history of America, from the chaotic years of Reconstruction (1865-77) to the movement of civil rights (1960s), that came out a century after the end of slavery. Slavery in America In beginning of the seventeenth century, European colonists of Jamestown Virginia, in North America were the first who turned towards African slaves. (Alexander, and Rucker  55-56) These slaves were considered as a cheaper, extra hard working alternative of indenture servants. ("Slavery and Indentured Servants:Law Library of Congress.") These indenture servants were mostly poorer Europeans. Twenty African m en and women were transported by a Dutch ship to a British colony, slavery stretch all over the American colonies. Although it is not possible to give exact number, it is estimated by some historians that around six to seven million slaves were transported to the New World during the eighteenth century alone, divesting the continent of Africa from large number of its healthy and able men and women. Both men and women slaves experienced an equally devastating time. Both were deprived from a family and land of origin. Together were forced to carry out tough labor, subjected to psychological and physical humiliation, and were also denied of their very basic rights. During slavery these men and women were beaten cruelly, divided from loved ones randomly, and despite of gender, treated as private property in the eyes of the law.   African Women Early on, females slave were available to buyers in the colonies for working on their fields. These female slaves were available lower prices. Actually, skillful labor, like carpentry and blacksmith, was allotted only to men slaves; that further reduced the number of black men available for agriculture work. As an outcome, men were outnumbered in the field by women slaves.   On farms having a small agricultural area, only women slaves were forced to perform labor equal to men slaves. On large farms, field and plantations, work was divided amongst both genders, while male groups were given physically tough tasks. Commonly, men were assigned plowing while women were given hoed task. Motherhood of Enslaved Women Major role of women in Africa was that of mother. While in slavery, this primary role of African womanhood was dishonored. Inside the plantation system of America in the 18th century, women slaves during their pregnancy were considered as an economical advantage for their masters as a number of labor pool are multiplied. (Gilchrist) While in Africa birth of a child brought in respect for these black women. The avera ge age of enslaved woman giving first birth was nineteen years old and afterward, used to give a new birth every two years. As this cycle was advocated by the master, was also benefiting the mother. During pregnancy, she was given more food and lower working hours. She was also no likely to be sold as tested fertility made her more precious for her master Harassing the Dignity of Black Women Black women slaves were expected to